Las didácticas específicas en la escuela de formación docente de la Universidad de Costa Rica en la sede Rodrigo Facio: desde la reflexión de comunidades científicas
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2024
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INIE
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Este proyecto surge principalmente del interés de docentes del Departamento de Educación Secundaria por analizar el campo de la formación en Didácticas Específicas en Ciencias Naturales, Matemática, Psicología, Filosofía, Estudios Sociales, Castellano y Literatura, ante las diversas demandas de actualizar y fortalecer los campos disciplinares. Bajo el enfoque cualitativo se indaga en el campo disciplinar de las didácticas específicas, mediante un estudio descriptivo. Según Colás y Buendía (1998), estos métodos engloban una variedad de actividades que participan de objetivos y procedimientos diversos; en particular, estos estudios analizan el fenómeno a partir de sus componentes más básicos. Además, el alcance del estudio es exploratorio, el cual permitió identificar tendencias en investigación, contextos y situaciones de estudio y evidenciar relaciones entre variables. Se trató de abarcar el mayor número de carreras de Educación Secundaria para conocer el desarrollo del campo profesional de las didácticas específicas, las tendencias o tradiciones, metodologías, epistemología y enfoques curriculares. El procedimiento metodológico conllevó sesiones de talleres en los que se recolectó información, se analizó e interpretó, así como se determinaron acuerdos para la mejora de los campos de las didácticas específicas. Esta metodología permitió la integración del profesorado de distintas carreras en la discusión acerca de las mallas curriculares, formación de docentes y otros problemas de la educación en general. Por una parte, la población incluye coordinadores y docentes de carreras de Educación Secundaria de la Escuela de Formación Docente en la Sede Rodrigo Facio, estudiantes activos y graduados de las mismas carreras de la Universidad de Costa Rica en la Sede Rodrigo Facio en los años 2021-2024. Por otro lado, se consulta a docentes y exdecanos de la Facultad de Educación. Los resultados tendrían implicaciones en el currículo, según señalan los distintos foros de análisis de la calidad educativa, tanto nacional como internacional. Así como la reflexión epistémica del modelo pedagógico para el fortalecimiento de la formación en las disciplinas específicas y con ello las prácticas de aula, los cursos, el plan de estudios. Con lo cual se consolida un grupo de investigadores de distintas disciplinas, quienes, a partir de entrevistas, grupos focales, encuestas, análisis documental, talleres y seminarios, han indagado acerca de las didácticas específicas. A partir de la investigación se ha reflejado la necesidad de fortalecer la conceptualización de términos básicos de currículum, didáctica y pedagogía e indagar acerca del marco de contextualización sociohistórico de la Escuela de Formación Docente. Además, se reflexiona en el desarrollo de estos campos disciplinares, sus necesidades en la formación de docentes, el currículo y la investigación, así como una propuesta de acciones para la actualización.
ABSTRACT: This project emerged primarily from the interest of faculty members in the Department of Secondary Education to analyze the field of teacher education in Specific Didactics in Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Psychology, Philosophy, Social Studies, Spanish Language, and Literature, in response to the various demands to update and strengthen disciplinary fields. Using a qualitative approach, the study explores the disciplinary field of specific didactics through a descriptive design. According to Colás and Buendía (1998), these methods encompass a variety of activities that involve diverse objectives and procedures; in particular, such studies analyze phenomena based on their most basic components. In addition, the scope of the study is exploratory, which made it possible to identify research trends, contexts, and study situations, as well as to reveal relationships among variables. The study aimed to include the largest possible number of Secondary Education programs in order to understand the development of the professional field of specific didactics, its trends or traditions, methodologies, epistemological foundations, and curricular approaches. The methodological procedure involved workshop sessions in which information was collected, analyzed, and interpreted, and agreements were reached for the improvement of the fields of specific didactics. This methodology enabled the integration of faculty from different programs into discussions on curricular frameworks, teacher education, and other general educational issues. On the one hand, the study population consisted of program coordinators and faculty members from the Secondary Education major at the Escuela de Formación Docente on the Rodrigo Facio Campus, as well as current students and graduates from these programs at the University of Costa Rica during the years 2021-2024. On the other hand, faculty members and former deans of the Faculty of Education were consulted. The results are expected to have implications for curriculum development, as highlighted in various national and international forums on educational quality. They also contribute to epistemic reflection on the pedagogical model aimed at strengthening disciplinary teacher education and, consequently, classroom practices, courses, and study plans. As a result, a multidisciplinary group of researchers has been consolidated, who, through interviews, focus groups, surveys, document analysis, workshops, and seminars, have examined the field of specific didactics. The research highlights the need to strengthen the conceptualization of basic terms such as curriculum, didactics, and pedagogy, as well as to explore the sociohistorical contextual framework of the Teacher Education School. Furthermore, it reflects on the development of these disciplinary fields, their needs in teacher education, curriculum, and research, and proposes actions for updating and improvement.
ABSTRACT: This project emerged primarily from the interest of faculty members in the Department of Secondary Education to analyze the field of teacher education in Specific Didactics in Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Psychology, Philosophy, Social Studies, Spanish Language, and Literature, in response to the various demands to update and strengthen disciplinary fields. Using a qualitative approach, the study explores the disciplinary field of specific didactics through a descriptive design. According to Colás and Buendía (1998), these methods encompass a variety of activities that involve diverse objectives and procedures; in particular, such studies analyze phenomena based on their most basic components. In addition, the scope of the study is exploratory, which made it possible to identify research trends, contexts, and study situations, as well as to reveal relationships among variables. The study aimed to include the largest possible number of Secondary Education programs in order to understand the development of the professional field of specific didactics, its trends or traditions, methodologies, epistemological foundations, and curricular approaches. The methodological procedure involved workshop sessions in which information was collected, analyzed, and interpreted, and agreements were reached for the improvement of the fields of specific didactics. This methodology enabled the integration of faculty from different programs into discussions on curricular frameworks, teacher education, and other general educational issues. On the one hand, the study population consisted of program coordinators and faculty members from the Secondary Education major at the Escuela de Formación Docente on the Rodrigo Facio Campus, as well as current students and graduates from these programs at the University of Costa Rica during the years 2021-2024. On the other hand, faculty members and former deans of the Faculty of Education were consulted. The results are expected to have implications for curriculum development, as highlighted in various national and international forums on educational quality. They also contribute to epistemic reflection on the pedagogical model aimed at strengthening disciplinary teacher education and, consequently, classroom practices, courses, and study plans. As a result, a multidisciplinary group of researchers has been consolidated, who, through interviews, focus groups, surveys, document analysis, workshops, and seminars, have examined the field of specific didactics. The research highlights the need to strengthen the conceptualization of basic terms such as curriculum, didactics, and pedagogy, as well as to explore the sociohistorical contextual framework of the Teacher Education School. Furthermore, it reflects on the development of these disciplinary fields, their needs in teacher education, curriculum, and research, and proposes actions for updating and improvement.
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Formación de docentes, Investigación sobre el currículo, Programa de formación de docentes, Formación de educadores de docentes, Teacher education, Curriculum research, Teacher training programs, Teacher educator education


