Investigando la trayectoria del profesional novel de ciencias: Implementación del enfoque educativo sTc y STEAM en instituciones de educación secundaria en Costa Rica
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2025
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El proyecto realiza una investigación longitudinal, que sigue la trayectoria del profesorado novel formado en socio-constructivismo transformativo (sTc, por sus siglas en inglés), y en STEAM (Ciencias, Tecnología, Ingeniería, Arte y Matemática) en la carrera de Bachillerato en la Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de Costa Rica en el período comprendido entre 2020 y 2024. El propósito de la investigación corresponde a analizar cómo las personas participantes integran el sTc y STEAM en la práctica educativa en colegios de educación secundaria donde ejercen la labor docente o donde se les permitió realizar una intervención educativa. Quienes participaron del estudio desarrollaron su Trabajo Final de Graduación (TFG) durante la investigación para optar por la Licenciatura, el cual estuvo sustentado en el sTc y STEAM. Lo anterior permitió obtener resultados de aprendizaje de la población estudiantil a su cargo. Además, se analizaron los procesos de metacognición pedagógica, reflexión y resiliencia del profesorado novel, ante los desafíos institucionales y socioculturales que podrían presentarse al incorporar modelos educativos innovadores. Se empleó el sistema de categorías desarrolladas por Grimm et al. (2025) para analizar el desarrollo de conciencia crítica del profesorado novel en tres dimensiones: entendimiento crítico, actitud y acción críticas. La investigación se desarrolló en cinco contextos educativos ubicados tanto dentro como fuera del Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica. Participaron colegios privados de confesionalidad religiosa en San Pedro de Montes de Oca, la población de estos colegios se ubica en estratos socioeconómicos medio y alto; un colegio público en zona rural de San Ramón de Alajuela, con estudiantes ubicados en estratos socioeconómicos medio y bajo; un Liceo Rural Indígena en Grano de Oro de Turrialba, con población estudiantil indígena cabécar de estrato socioeconómico bajo; y un colegio público en Playas del Coco, Guanacaste, con estudiantes de estrato socioeconómico bajo, hijos e hijas de pescadores. El profesorado contaba con experiencia previa en docencia de algunos meses a 3 años y al menos uno del grupo de TFG trabajaba en cada uno de los contextos mencionados, excepto en el Liceo Rural Indígena y el Liceo de Playas del Coco, porque contaron con apoyo institucional para implementar su proyecto.
ABSTRACT: This project conducts a longitudinal study that follows the professional trajectory of novice teachers trained in Transformative Socio-Constructivism (sTc, for its acronym in English) and STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) within the Bachelor’s Degree in Science Education program at the University of Costa Rica during the period 2020–2024. The purpose of the research is to analyze how participating individuals integrate the sTc and STEAM approaches into their educational practice in secondary education institutions where they work as teachers or where they were granted permission to implement an educational intervention. Participants in the study developed their Final Graduation Project (TFG, for its acronym in Spanish) during the research process as part of the requirements for obtaining the Licentiate degree; these projects were grounded in the sTc and STEAM approaches. This allowed for the collection of learning outcomes from the student population under their responsibility. Additionally, the study examined processes of pedagogical metacognition, reflection, and resilience among novice teachers in response to institutional and sociocultural challenges that may arise when incorporating innovative educational models. The category system developed by Grimm et al. (2025) was used to analyze the development of critical consciousness among novice teachers across three dimensions: critical understanding, critical attitude, and critical action. The research was carried out in five educational contexts located both within and outside the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. These included private religious secondary schools in San Pedro de Montes de Oca, whose student populations belong to middle and high income socioeconomic strata; a public secondary school in a rural area of San Ramón de Alajuela, serving students from middle and low income strata; an Indigenous rural High School in Grano de Oro of Turrialba, with a Cabécar Indigenous student population from a low-income socioeconomic stratum; and a public secondary school in Playas del Coco, Guanacaste, serving students from low-income backgrounds, primarily children of fishers. The educational staff had prior teaching experience ranging from several months to three years, and at least one member of each TFG group worked in each of the aforementioned contexts, except for the indigenous rural High School and the high school in Playas del Coco, where institutional support was provided for project implementation.
ABSTRACT: This project conducts a longitudinal study that follows the professional trajectory of novice teachers trained in Transformative Socio-Constructivism (sTc, for its acronym in English) and STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) within the Bachelor’s Degree in Science Education program at the University of Costa Rica during the period 2020–2024. The purpose of the research is to analyze how participating individuals integrate the sTc and STEAM approaches into their educational practice in secondary education institutions where they work as teachers or where they were granted permission to implement an educational intervention. Participants in the study developed their Final Graduation Project (TFG, for its acronym in Spanish) during the research process as part of the requirements for obtaining the Licentiate degree; these projects were grounded in the sTc and STEAM approaches. This allowed for the collection of learning outcomes from the student population under their responsibility. Additionally, the study examined processes of pedagogical metacognition, reflection, and resilience among novice teachers in response to institutional and sociocultural challenges that may arise when incorporating innovative educational models. The category system developed by Grimm et al. (2025) was used to analyze the development of critical consciousness among novice teachers across three dimensions: critical understanding, critical attitude, and critical action. The research was carried out in five educational contexts located both within and outside the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. These included private religious secondary schools in San Pedro de Montes de Oca, whose student populations belong to middle and high income socioeconomic strata; a public secondary school in a rural area of San Ramón de Alajuela, serving students from middle and low income strata; an Indigenous rural High School in Grano de Oro of Turrialba, with a Cabécar Indigenous student population from a low-income socioeconomic stratum; and a public secondary school in Playas del Coco, Guanacaste, serving students from low-income backgrounds, primarily children of fishers. The educational staff had prior teaching experience ranging from several months to three years, and at least one member of each TFG group worked in each of the aforementioned contexts, except for the indigenous rural High School and the high school in Playas del Coco, where institutional support was provided for project implementation.
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Educación, Cultura, Competencias del docente, Educación intercultural, Papel del docente, Enseñanza de las ciencias, Estudiantes, Education, Culture, Teacher competencies, Iintercultural education, Role of the teacher, Science education, Students


