Validación de un modelo explicativo del capacitismo o prejuicio hacia la discapacidad en el ámbito universitario
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2025
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INIE
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El objetivo general de este estudio es contrastar empíricamente la validez cultural de un modelo multidimensional de prejuicio ambivalente hacia las personas con discapacidad en el ámbito universitario.
La metodología que se llevó a cabo fue de carácter cuantitativo correlacional, la cual consistió en la aplicación de un cuestionario en dos modalidades, según la preferencia de las personas participantes: presencial (lápiz y papel) o en línea, en un medio cultural diferente (México) al estudiado en el proyecto anterior al que da continuidad este proyecto (Costa Rica y España). El cuestionario incluía la escala sometida a validación cultural, así como preguntas sociodemográficas para la descripción de la muestra y otras preguntas de opinión, cuya finalidad fue obtener evidencias de validez basadas en la relación con otras variables.
Se toman en cuenta universidades de tres países: Costa Rica (Universidad de Costa Rica y Universidad Nacional), España (Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca) y México (Universidad de Veracruz). Se establecen cuatro categorías: profesorado, personal investigador, estudiantes y personal de administración y servicios. Dado que no son categorías excluyentes, ya que se podrían simultanear varias de las vinculaciones anteriores y se toma la vinculación principal, como aquella a la que se dedica más tiempo.
Con este proyecto se pretende probar la validez cultural del instrumento, mediante la comparación entre países, que no fue objeto de investigación en el proyecto anterior. El modelo multidimensional, cuya validez se trata de contrastar, se evaluará mediante una escala que finalmente quedó constituida por 24 ítems, tras los análisis preliminares realizados con los datos recogidos en las anteriores anualidades del proyecto. Se tomarán, por tanto, muestras de al menos 240 participantes por cada país. Se destacan como principales logros que serán detallados en el apartado 5.1 de este informe: La obtención de evidencias de validez de contenido de los ítems de la escala mediante la valoración de jueces expertos, para confirmar la relevancia y pertinencia de los mismos de acuerdo con los modelos teóricos para la evaluación multidimensional del capacitismo o prejuicio hacia la discapacidad; la obtención de evidencias de validez cultural del instrumento replicando en población mexicana la estructura factorial de la escala obtenida en Costa Rica y España, y la adecuación de los índices de fiabilidad para cada una de las subescalas del instrumento; la difusión del instrumento en otros medios culturales hispanohablantes, que está siendo utilizado por investigadores/as de otros países, además de Costa Rica, España y México (Guatemala y Venezuela hasta el momento); la transferencia de resultados mediante la publicación de resultados y de recomendaciones generales para las universidades, en la revista European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, con alto impacto divulgativo (JCR y Scopus).
ABSTRACT: The general objective of this study is to empirically test the cultural validity of a multidimensional model of ambivalent prejudice toward people with disabilities within the university context. The methodology used was quantitative and correlational. It consisted of administering a questionnaire in two formats, face-to-face (paper-and-pencil) or online, depending on participant preference, in a cultural context (Mexico) different from the one examined in the previous project (Costa Rica and Spain), to which this study serves as a continuation. The questionnaire included the scale undergoing cultural validation, along with sociodemographic questions to describe the sample and other opinion items intended to obtain validity evidence based on relationships with other variables. Universities from three countries were included: Costa Rica (University of Costa Rica and Universidad Nacional), Spain (Pontifical University of Salamanca), and Mexico (University of Veracruz). Four categories were established: faculty, research staff, students, and administrative and service personnel. These categories are not mutually exclusive, as individuals may hold more than one of these roles; therefore, the primary affiliation, understood as the one to which they dedicate the most time, was considered. The project seeks to test the cultural validity of the instrument by comparing results across countries, an analysis that was not conducted in the previous project. The multidimensional model being validated will be assessed using a scale ultimately composed of 24 items, following preliminary analyses conducted with data collected in earlier stages. At least 240 participants per country will be included. Key achievements, to be detailed in Section 5.1 of this report, include: obtaining content validity evidence for the scale items through expert judgment to confirm their relevance and appropriateness based on theoretical models for the multidimensional assessment of ableism or prejudice toward disability; obtaining cultural validity evidence by replicating, in the Mexican population, the factorial structure previously found in Costa Rica and Spain; achieving adequate reliability indices for each of the instrument’s subscales; disseminating the instrument in other Spanish-speaking cultural contexts, where it is now being used by researchers from additional countries beyond Costa Rica, Spain, and Mexico (such as Guatemala and Venezuela); and disseminating findings through a publication in the European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, a high-impact outlet indexed in JCR and Scopus, where the results and general recommendations for universities were published.
ABSTRACT: The general objective of this study is to empirically test the cultural validity of a multidimensional model of ambivalent prejudice toward people with disabilities within the university context. The methodology used was quantitative and correlational. It consisted of administering a questionnaire in two formats, face-to-face (paper-and-pencil) or online, depending on participant preference, in a cultural context (Mexico) different from the one examined in the previous project (Costa Rica and Spain), to which this study serves as a continuation. The questionnaire included the scale undergoing cultural validation, along with sociodemographic questions to describe the sample and other opinion items intended to obtain validity evidence based on relationships with other variables. Universities from three countries were included: Costa Rica (University of Costa Rica and Universidad Nacional), Spain (Pontifical University of Salamanca), and Mexico (University of Veracruz). Four categories were established: faculty, research staff, students, and administrative and service personnel. These categories are not mutually exclusive, as individuals may hold more than one of these roles; therefore, the primary affiliation, understood as the one to which they dedicate the most time, was considered. The project seeks to test the cultural validity of the instrument by comparing results across countries, an analysis that was not conducted in the previous project. The multidimensional model being validated will be assessed using a scale ultimately composed of 24 items, following preliminary analyses conducted with data collected in earlier stages. At least 240 participants per country will be included. Key achievements, to be detailed in Section 5.1 of this report, include: obtaining content validity evidence for the scale items through expert judgment to confirm their relevance and appropriateness based on theoretical models for the multidimensional assessment of ableism or prejudice toward disability; obtaining cultural validity evidence by replicating, in the Mexican population, the factorial structure previously found in Costa Rica and Spain; achieving adequate reliability indices for each of the instrument’s subscales; disseminating the instrument in other Spanish-speaking cultural contexts, where it is now being used by researchers from additional countries beyond Costa Rica, Spain, and Mexico (such as Guatemala and Venezuela); and disseminating findings through a publication in the European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, a high-impact outlet indexed in JCR and Scopus, where the results and general recommendations for universities were published.
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Personas con discapacidad, Prejuicio, Discriminación, Medición, Educación superior, People with disabilities, Prejudice, Discrimination, Measurement, Higher education


