Creencias y representaciones del estudiantado en los procesos de formación de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
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2015
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INIE
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El objetivo de este trabajó fue analizar las creencias y representaciones del estudiantado universitario sobre los procesos de formación, que permitan el diseño de propuestas pedagógicas pertinentes al contexto de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
Desde la perspectiva cualitativa, buscó la interpretación de las creencias y representaciones del proceso formativo que tienen los y las estudiantes universitarios. La investigación en un primer momento, revisó documentación sobre la investigación de temas afines al estudio a nivel nacional e internacional. Se estudiaron y analizaron artículos de investigación, libros y conferencias. Posteriormente, se buscó en la Oficina de Registro de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en la Oficina de Orientación, de becas y en las propias unidades académicas de información estadística de los estudiantes de grado; que proporcionan datos sobre género, tipos de colegios de procedencia, condición socioeconómica, unidad académica, edad y otros datos que pudieran ayudar a comprender a la población.
Luego, se procedió a realizar dos grupos focales, uno a estudiantes y otro a docentes de las diferentes áreas académicas de la Universidad; y entrevistas protocolarizadas a estudiantes que se seleccionaron para ello. Los grupos focales estuvieron constituidos por 15 personas cada uno.
Algunas de las conclusiones a las que llegó el estudio se mencionan a continuación:
En términos generales, existe en los docentes una visión negativa sobre los estudiantes y un desinterés o poco interés en lo que los estudiantes piensen de ellos, sobre todo si esto no va a afectarles como docentes. Asunto que los estudiantes aceptan en parte, pero enfocan sobre todo la culpa hacia los docentes y el sistema formativo.
Hay puntos de coincidencia entre lo que los estudiantes piensan de los profesores y viceversa, sin embargo, también hay importantes contradicciones. Los docentes por lo general tienen mejor percepción de sí mismos que lo que los estudiantes refieren de ellos, sin embargo cuando los docentes abordaron la calidad docente de otros colegas y la universidad en general, sin decir nombres, ambos grupos docentes y estudiantes abordaron el problema de la misma manera. Ambos indican que existe una importante población de docentes mediocres, de gente que está como docente sin tener las habilidades para ello, o de profesores(as) que no les interesa la docencia o que tienen pocos deseos de mejorar.
Coinciden los estudiantes y docentes en que los procesos formativos deben mejorarse y que para ello se ocupan hacer cambios significativos que ocupan reflexión y una actitud más interesada, no solamente de parte de los docentes sino también de las demás autoridades.
ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to analyze the beliefs and representations of the university student body about the formation processes that allow for the design of pedagogical proposals relevant to the context of the University of Costa Rica. From the qualitative perspective, the interpretation of the beliefs and representations of the training process, that university students have, was the objective. As a first stage, documentation on the topics related to the study at national and international level were reviewed. Research articles, books, and conferences were studied and analyzed. Subsequently, information was gathered from the Registry Office of the University of Costa Rica, the Guidance Office, the Scholarship Office and in the academic units regarding statistical information of undergraduate students; they provide data on gender, type of schools of origin, socioeconomic status, academic unit, age, and other data that could help understand the population. Then, two focus groups of which one was to students and another to teachers of the different academic areas of the University, and formal interviews to students who were selected to do this were conducted. The focus groups had 15 people each. Some of the conclusions reached by the study are mentioned below: • In general terms, teachers have a negative view about students, and a lack of interest or little interest in what the students think of them especially if this is not going to affect them as teachers. The students agree in part with this issue, but mostly put all of the blame on the teachers and the training system. • Some aspects between what the students think of the teachers and vice versa coincide, however, there are also important contradictions. Teachers usually have a better perception of themselves than what the students say about them, however, when the teachers addressed the quality of teaching of colleagues and the university in general without saying names both groups of teachers and students tackled the problem the same way. Both groups identified that there is a significant population of mediocre teachers, of people who teach without having the skills to do this, or teachers who aren't interested in teaching or who have little desire to improve. • Students and teachers agree that the learning processes should be improved, and to accomplish this, significant changes are required that deal with reflection and a more involved attitude not only of teachers but also of the other authorities.
ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to analyze the beliefs and representations of the university student body about the formation processes that allow for the design of pedagogical proposals relevant to the context of the University of Costa Rica. From the qualitative perspective, the interpretation of the beliefs and representations of the training process, that university students have, was the objective. As a first stage, documentation on the topics related to the study at national and international level were reviewed. Research articles, books, and conferences were studied and analyzed. Subsequently, information was gathered from the Registry Office of the University of Costa Rica, the Guidance Office, the Scholarship Office and in the academic units regarding statistical information of undergraduate students; they provide data on gender, type of schools of origin, socioeconomic status, academic unit, age, and other data that could help understand the population. Then, two focus groups of which one was to students and another to teachers of the different academic areas of the University, and formal interviews to students who were selected to do this were conducted. The focus groups had 15 people each. Some of the conclusions reached by the study are mentioned below: • In general terms, teachers have a negative view about students, and a lack of interest or little interest in what the students think of them especially if this is not going to affect them as teachers. The students agree in part with this issue, but mostly put all of the blame on the teachers and the training system. • Some aspects between what the students think of the teachers and vice versa coincide, however, there are also important contradictions. Teachers usually have a better perception of themselves than what the students say about them, however, when the teachers addressed the quality of teaching of colleagues and the university in general without saying names both groups of teachers and students tackled the problem the same way. Both groups identified that there is a significant population of mediocre teachers, of people who teach without having the skills to do this, or teachers who aren't interested in teaching or who have little desire to improve. • Students and teachers agree that the learning processes should be improved, and to accomplish this, significant changes are required that deal with reflection and a more involved attitude not only of teachers but also of the other authorities.
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EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR, DOCENCIA UNIVERSITARIA, ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS, FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL, CREENCIA, HIGHER EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY TEACHING, UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, BELIEFS