Como facilitar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en personas con trastornos de atención.
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Fecha
2005
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INIE
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Esta investigación tuvo como objetivos crear un marco teórico-conceptual sobre los trastornos de la atención; construir estrategias para la atención de las personas con trastornos de la atención en el aula de educación primaria; capacitar en la atención de personas con trastornos de la atención, a los profesionales en los centros educativos. Para lograr estos objetivos la investigación plantean diferentes etapas, en la primera se elabora un marco teórico referencial pedagógico sobre los trastornos de la atención de las personas, para uso del maestro.
En la segunda se proporciona al docente este marco teórico referencial de manera significativa, considerando las necesidades y características propias de la institución pública de educación primaria. Se decide trabajar con el personal docente que atiende todos los niveles escolares.
Dentro del marco teórico referencias se desarrollan las causas y consecuencias de los trastornos de la atención con o sin hiperactividad.
Se ubica en el paradigma cualitativo, al considerase esto como el más adecuado para alcanzar los objetivos
propuestos. Se aplican técnicas y estrategias etnográficas. Se dispuso de varios recursos metodológicos para buscar el acercamiento y comprensión de la realidad, se utilizó la técnica de observación participante.
Las siguientes son las conclusiones más importantes del trabajo realizado:
• Se constata que hay un desconocimiento muy marcado de lo que es el trastorno de déficit de atención
con y sin hiperactividad y los signos que lo caracterizan. La mayoría de los niños que posteriormente
fueron identificados con las características propias del trastorno, fueron inicialmente catalogados como
niños con problemas de disciplina, vagabundos, malcriados y desinteresados.
• Se tiene certeza en el transcurso de trabajo de campo, de la necesidad de capacitación de los docentes
en el conocimiento de los niños con trastornos de la atención y la hiperactividad.
• Se confirma la tendencia en el cuerpo docente, de ignorar las diferencias individuales de los estudiantes
en sus características personales, sociales, familiares y cognitivas. Se espera que todos sean iguales.
• Se evidencia, en todo el proceso del trabajo de campo, que hay una tendencia muy marcada en considerar
las características de los niños con trastornos de la atención como problemas disciplinarios tomando
como punto de partida que estos niños no cumplen con normas. El concepto de disciplina privilegiado
por casi todos los docentes participantes, es rígido, no se admite la individualidad como parte de la
realidad del aula.
• Se comprueba que no hay recursos (test, listas de verificación o de cotejo), dirigidos a que los docentes
puedan identificar a los estudiantes con trastornos de la atención con o sin hiperactividad.
ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to create a theoretical-conceptual framework on attention disorders; build strategies for the care of people with attention disorders in the primary education classroom; train in the care of people with attention disorders, professionals in educational centers. In order to achieve these objectives, the research proposes different stages. In the first one, a pedagogical referential theoretical frame is elaborated on the attention disorders of the people, for the use of the teacher. In the second, the teacher is provided with this referential theoretical framework in a meaningful way, considering the needs and characteristics of the public primary education institution. It is decided to work with the teaching staff that attends all school levels. Within the theoretical framework references the causes and consequences of attention disorders with or without hyperactivity are developed. It is located in the qualitative paradigm, considering this as the most adequate to achieve the proposed objectives. Ethnographic techniques and strategies are applied. Several methodological resources were available to seek the approach and understanding of reality, the participant observation technique was used. The following are the most important conclusions of the work carried out: • It is noted that there is a very marked ignorance of what is attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity and the signs that characterize it. The majority of children who subsequently were identified with the characteristics of the disorder, were initially cataloged as children with discipline problems, vagabonds, spoiled and disinterested. • There is certainty in the course of fieldwork, of the need for teacher training in the knowledge of children with attention disorders and hyperactivity. • The tendency in the teaching body to ignore the individual differences of students in their personal, social, family and cognitive characteristics is confirmed. Everyone is expected to be the same. • It is evident, throughout the fieldwork process, that there is a very marked tendency to consider the characteristics of children with attention disorders as disciplinary problems taking as a starting point that these children do not meet standards. The concept of privileged discipline by almost all participating teachers, it is rigid, individuality is not admitted as part of the reality of the classroom. • It is verified that there are no resources (tests, checklists or checklists), aimed at teachers can identify students with attention disorders with or without hyperactivity.
ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to create a theoretical-conceptual framework on attention disorders; build strategies for the care of people with attention disorders in the primary education classroom; train in the care of people with attention disorders, professionals in educational centers. In order to achieve these objectives, the research proposes different stages. In the first one, a pedagogical referential theoretical frame is elaborated on the attention disorders of the people, for the use of the teacher. In the second, the teacher is provided with this referential theoretical framework in a meaningful way, considering the needs and characteristics of the public primary education institution. It is decided to work with the teaching staff that attends all school levels. Within the theoretical framework references the causes and consequences of attention disorders with or without hyperactivity are developed. It is located in the qualitative paradigm, considering this as the most adequate to achieve the proposed objectives. Ethnographic techniques and strategies are applied. Several methodological resources were available to seek the approach and understanding of reality, the participant observation technique was used. The following are the most important conclusions of the work carried out: • It is noted that there is a very marked ignorance of what is attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity and the signs that characterize it. The majority of children who subsequently were identified with the characteristics of the disorder, were initially cataloged as children with discipline problems, vagabonds, spoiled and disinterested. • There is certainty in the course of fieldwork, of the need for teacher training in the knowledge of children with attention disorders and hyperactivity. • The tendency in the teaching body to ignore the individual differences of students in their personal, social, family and cognitive characteristics is confirmed. Everyone is expected to be the same. • It is evident, throughout the fieldwork process, that there is a very marked tendency to consider the characteristics of children with attention disorders as disciplinary problems taking as a starting point that these children do not meet standards. The concept of privileged discipline by almost all participating teachers, it is rigid, individuality is not admitted as part of the reality of the classroom. • It is verified that there are no resources (tests, checklists or checklists), aimed at teachers can identify students with attention disorders with or without hyperactivity.
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Palabras clave
DOCENTES, CAPACITACIÓN, TRABAJO EN EL AULA, ATTENTION DISORDERS, TEACHERS, TRAINING, WORK IN THE CLASSROOM