Socialización genérica e identidad profesional en Trabajo Social.
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2002
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IIMEC
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La investigación busca explicar las relaciones entre la socialización genérica y la construcción de las identidades
personal y profesional de las y los trabajadores sociales. El Trabajo Social como profesión conformada
mayoritariamente por mujeres reproduce las características que la sociedad patriarcal le asigna a éstas y a lo femenino. Se busca a partir de los resultados la incorporación en las distintas instancias de formación de la perspectiva de género como opción explicativa, formativa y de análisis para la modificación de las relaciones de desigualdad que se viven cotidianamente en los espacios familiares y laborales de esos profesionales. La metodología empleada es cualitativa. Busca rescatar las percepciones y significados que las personas participantes dan a lo femenino y lo masculino, cómo lo viven en sus experiencias concretas. La perspectiva de género y la teoría de las representaciones sociales son los marcos teóricos de referencia para el análisis de la información la que se recopiló a partir de la reconstrucción de las historias de vida de cuatro mujeres y tres varones profesionales en Trabajo Social. El análisis incluyó la participación permanente de las personas entrevistadas y fue una constante durante el proceso de investigación lo que a su vez permitió construir rupturas de los esquemas
aprendidos tanto en ellas como en la investigadora. Las historias de vida evidenciaron que todas las personas participantes fueron construidas a partir de los esquemas de crianza definidos en las sociedades patriarcales.
Hombres y mujeres asumen características diferenciadas según su sexo biológico. Las relaciones sociales que se establecen a partir de esos patrones reproducen y legitiman la desvalorización de lo femenino frente a lo masculino. Las y los trabajadores sociales entrevistados reproducen en sus vidas personales y laborales las asimetrías derivadas del patriarcado sin que se percaten de los modelos a que responden sus actuaciones. Las participantes han asumido la maternidad y todos sus mandatos como su primera y casi exclusiva obligación, lo que tiene implicaciones en sus posibilidades de realizar cualquier otro tipo de actividad extra a su empleo. Los participantes no muestran que las obligaciones derivadas de la paternidad y la familia sean obstáculos para sus metas personales. La elección de carrera está influenciada por las características genéricas. El Trabajo Social es considerado una profesión de servicio, ayuda y búsqueda de soluciones a los problemas y necesidades de otras personas. Desde sus orígenes han sido mayoritariamente mujeres las vinculadas a la profesión al creérseles más sensibles e interesadas en lo social y en las necesidades de la gente. Las funciones y tareas que las personas entrevistadas realizan en sus lugares de trabajo reproducen las tareas que realizan las mujeres en la sociedad. La formación profesional carece de una visión de género que permita evidenciar cómo los procesos
de socialización permean todas las actividades humanas y las relacionadas con el ejercicio profesional. Deben incluirse en el curriculum de la Escuela actividades académicas y vivenciales, bibliografía y nuevos enfoques teóricos que permitan hacer rupturas significativas con los esquemas que subyacen en la forma en que están planteadas actualmente las cosas. Los procesos de capacitación y sensibilización deben atravesar todas las actividades que se realicen e involucrar a docentes, estudiantes y personal administrativo. Para replantear y fortalecer la identidad profesional debemos empezar necesariamente por la identidad genérica.
ABSTRACT: The research seeks to explain the relationships between generic socialization and the construction of personal and professional identities of social workers. Social Work as a profession formed mostly by women reproduces the characteristics that patriarchal society assigns to women and women. Based on the results, the incorporation of the gender perspective as an explanatory, formative and analysis option for the modification of the inequality relations that are lived daily in the family and work spaces of these professionals is sought in the different instances of formation. The methodology used is qualitative. It seeks to rescue the perceptions and meanings that the participants give to the feminine and the masculine, how they live it in their concrete experiences. The gender perspective and the theory of social representations are the theoretical frameworks for the analysis of the information that was collected from the reconstruction of the life stories of four women and three professional men in Social Work. The analysis included the permanent participation of the people interviewed and it was a constant during the investigation process which in turn allowed to build ruptures of the schemes learned both in them and in the researcher. Life stories showed that all the participants were built from the parenting schemes defined in patriarchal societies. Men and women assume differentiated characteristics according to their biological sex. The social relationships established from these patterns reproduce and legitimize the devaluation of the feminine versus the masculine. The social workers interviewed reproduce in their personal and work lives the asymmetries derived from patriarchy without noticing the models to which their actions respond. The participants have assumed motherhood and all their mandates as their first and almost exclusive obligation, which has implications for their ability to perform any other type of activity extra to their employment. Participants do not show that obligations arising from paternity and family are obstacles to their personal goals. The career choice is influenced by the generic characteristics. Social Work is considered a profession of service, help and search for solutions to other people's problems and needs. Since its origins, women have been mostly those linked to the profession because they are believed to be more sensitive and interested in the social and the needs of the people. The functions and tasks that the people interviewed perform in their workplaces reproduce the tasks that women perform in society. Vocational training lacks a gender vision that allows to demonstrate how socialization processes permeate all human activities and those related to professional practice. Academic and experiential activities, bibliography and new theoretical approaches that allow meaningful ruptures with the schemes that underlie the way things are currently planned should be included in the School's curriculum. The training and awareness processes must go through all the activities carried out and involve teachers, students and administrative staff. To rethink and strengthen professional identity we must necessarily start with the generic identity.
ABSTRACT: The research seeks to explain the relationships between generic socialization and the construction of personal and professional identities of social workers. Social Work as a profession formed mostly by women reproduces the characteristics that patriarchal society assigns to women and women. Based on the results, the incorporation of the gender perspective as an explanatory, formative and analysis option for the modification of the inequality relations that are lived daily in the family and work spaces of these professionals is sought in the different instances of formation. The methodology used is qualitative. It seeks to rescue the perceptions and meanings that the participants give to the feminine and the masculine, how they live it in their concrete experiences. The gender perspective and the theory of social representations are the theoretical frameworks for the analysis of the information that was collected from the reconstruction of the life stories of four women and three professional men in Social Work. The analysis included the permanent participation of the people interviewed and it was a constant during the investigation process which in turn allowed to build ruptures of the schemes learned both in them and in the researcher. Life stories showed that all the participants were built from the parenting schemes defined in patriarchal societies. Men and women assume differentiated characteristics according to their biological sex. The social relationships established from these patterns reproduce and legitimize the devaluation of the feminine versus the masculine. The social workers interviewed reproduce in their personal and work lives the asymmetries derived from patriarchy without noticing the models to which their actions respond. The participants have assumed motherhood and all their mandates as their first and almost exclusive obligation, which has implications for their ability to perform any other type of activity extra to their employment. Participants do not show that obligations arising from paternity and family are obstacles to their personal goals. The career choice is influenced by the generic characteristics. Social Work is considered a profession of service, help and search for solutions to other people's problems and needs. Since its origins, women have been mostly those linked to the profession because they are believed to be more sensitive and interested in the social and the needs of the people. The functions and tasks that the people interviewed perform in their workplaces reproduce the tasks that women perform in society. Vocational training lacks a gender vision that allows to demonstrate how socialization processes permeate all human activities and those related to professional practice. Academic and experiential activities, bibliography and new theoretical approaches that allow meaningful ruptures with the schemes that underlie the way things are currently planned should be included in the School's curriculum. The training and awareness processes must go through all the activities carried out and involve teachers, students and administrative staff. To rethink and strengthen professional identity we must necessarily start with the generic identity.
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TRABAJADORES SOCIALES, TRABAJO SOCIAL, GÉNERO, INFLUENCIA SOCIAL, IDENTIDAD, SOCIAL WORKERS, SOCIAL WORK, GENDER, SOCIAL INFLUENCE, IDENTITY