¿Cómo lee el grupo estudiantil del tercer ciclo de la Educación General Básica y cómo enseñan las habilidades de lectura sus docentes?
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2011
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INIE
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A lo largo de este informe se busca definir lo que se entiende por lectura y comprensión lectora, para luego comparar esas definiciones con las respuestas dadas por 15 docentes de español, sobre la manera de enseñar literatura en el aula y el grado de comprensión de lectura que llegan a alcanzar los estudiantes. De esta manera, se podrá visualizar un panorama de la enseñanza de la literatura en los colegios de educación secundaria del área metropolitana y hacer patente la necesidad de buscar una mejora metodológica en la enseñanza de esa área de la materia de español, para que la lectura sea una actividad no solo disfrutada por todos, sino también aprovechada y que ayude al lector a comprender mejor el mundo, a adquirir una mayor capacidad crítica y a ampliar los conocimientos y horizontes. Para recolectar la información se trabajó con dos grupos: docentes de español, activos y que laboran en colegios en colegios públicos, en los niveles de 7º, 8º y 9º, del área metropolitana, y el segundo grupo, estudiantes de tercer ciclo de educación general básica de un centro educativo de educación secundaria ubicado en Tibás. Estos estudiantes tiene edades que oscilan entre los 13 y 16 años, son alumnos regulares de la institución y que están cursando 7º, 8º y 9º año.
Las entrevistas con los docentes fueron grabadas y luego se transcribieron, para analizar las conversaciones sostenidas. Una vez transcritas, se elaboró una tabla en la que se ordenó por temática lo dicho por cada docente. La temática elegida, por ser común a los docentes entrevistados, fue la siguientes:
Conocimiento de la habilidad de lectura de los estudiantes
La lectura en el aula
La comprensión de la lectura
El análisis estructural: ayuda a la comprensión del texto
Lecturas obligatorias: apreciadas o no por los estudiantes
El libro de texto como ayuda para fomentar la comprensión lectora
El docente de español: un lector modelo.
Sobre estos temas se puede concluir que de acuerdo con la percepción del docente, el estudiantado no sabe leer, al decir esto se refieren a que carecen de las habilidades necesarias para comprender el texto, ya que son capaces de descifrar las palabras por sí mismas, pero no a ponerlas en un conjunto y a desprender de ese conjunto un significado que tenga coherencia y sentido. Ello por ser lectores incipientes e inexpertos, que al no poseer el hábito de la lectura ni haberse adiestrado en él, carecen de los elementos básicos para la comprensión del texto. Esta carencia según lo investigado, se debe a dos factores: el hogar y la escuela primaria.
El hábito de la lectura es un hábito que se aprende, se aprende por imitación y por la práctica, ello no ocurre con los adolescentes que cursan la educación secundaria. Por un lado carecen del ejemplo en casa, incluso están faltos de libros a los que recurrir en sus hogares y, por otro lado, en la escuela la instrucción en este campo es mínima. No se lee en clase y si se trabaja con literatura, las maestras les cuentan el argumento, sin llegar a leer los textos.
ABSTRACT: Throughout this report, the aim is to define reading and reading comprehension in order to later compare these definitions with the answers of 15 Spanish teachers about how to teach literature in the classroom and the level of reading comprehension reached by students. Thus, it will be possible to visualize a context for teaching literature in high schools in the metropolitan area, and create awareness on the need to improve the methodology to teach that topic in Spanish lessons so that reading becomes an activity not only enjoyed by everyone but also benefited from and that helps the reader to better understand the world, to acquire a greater critical capacity and to broaden knowledge and horizons. In order to collect the information, two groups provided the information: active Spanish teachers, who work in public high schools with 7th, 8th and 9th levels in the metropolitan area; and the second group: students in third cycle of General Basic Education from a high school in Tibás. The ages of these students range between 13 and 16; they are regular students of the institution; and are currently 7th, 8th and 9th graders. The interviews with the teachers were recorded and later transcribed to analyze the conversations held. Once they were transcribed, a table was prepared with what was said by each teacher by topic. The following topic was chosen as it was a common idea mentioned by the teachers interviewed: • Students' knowledge on the reading skill • Reading in the classroom • Reading comprehension • Structural analysis: it helps text comprehension • Required reading: valued or not by students • The text book as an aid to promote reading comprehension • Spanish teacher: a model reader. On these subjects, it can be concluded that based on the teacher's perception, the student body does not know how to read. In saying this, they refer to the lack of skills required to understand a text as students are capable of decipher the meaning of words on their own but not put them with other words and gather meaning from that set of words so that it is coherent and makes sense. This is because they are beginner and inexperienced readers who do not have the habit of reading or have been trained in it; they lack the basic elements to understand a text. Based on what was researched, this deficiency is due to two factors: home and primary school. The habit of reading is an activity learned through imitation and practice; this is not the case with teenagers in high school. On one hand, they lack the example at home as they even lack books to turn to in their homes, and on the other hand, there is minimal instruction in schools in this area. There is no reading in class, and if they work with literature, the teachers tell students the plot without ever reading the texts.
ABSTRACT: Throughout this report, the aim is to define reading and reading comprehension in order to later compare these definitions with the answers of 15 Spanish teachers about how to teach literature in the classroom and the level of reading comprehension reached by students. Thus, it will be possible to visualize a context for teaching literature in high schools in the metropolitan area, and create awareness on the need to improve the methodology to teach that topic in Spanish lessons so that reading becomes an activity not only enjoyed by everyone but also benefited from and that helps the reader to better understand the world, to acquire a greater critical capacity and to broaden knowledge and horizons. In order to collect the information, two groups provided the information: active Spanish teachers, who work in public high schools with 7th, 8th and 9th levels in the metropolitan area; and the second group: students in third cycle of General Basic Education from a high school in Tibás. The ages of these students range between 13 and 16; they are regular students of the institution; and are currently 7th, 8th and 9th graders. The interviews with the teachers were recorded and later transcribed to analyze the conversations held. Once they were transcribed, a table was prepared with what was said by each teacher by topic. The following topic was chosen as it was a common idea mentioned by the teachers interviewed: • Students' knowledge on the reading skill • Reading in the classroom • Reading comprehension • Structural analysis: it helps text comprehension • Required reading: valued or not by students • The text book as an aid to promote reading comprehension • Spanish teacher: a model reader. On these subjects, it can be concluded that based on the teacher's perception, the student body does not know how to read. In saying this, they refer to the lack of skills required to understand a text as students are capable of decipher the meaning of words on their own but not put them with other words and gather meaning from that set of words so that it is coherent and makes sense. This is because they are beginner and inexperienced readers who do not have the habit of reading or have been trained in it; they lack the basic elements to understand a text. Based on what was researched, this deficiency is due to two factors: home and primary school. The habit of reading is an activity learned through imitation and practice; this is not the case with teenagers in high school. On one hand, they lack the example at home as they even lack books to turn to in their homes, and on the other hand, there is minimal instruction in schools in this area. There is no reading in class, and if they work with literature, the teachers tell students the plot without ever reading the texts.
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LECTURA, LITERATURA, EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA, ESTUDIANTES, DOCENTES, COMPRENSIÓN DE LECTURA, READING, LITERATURE, SECONDARY EDUCATION, STUDENTS, TEACHERS, READING COMPREHENSION