Estudio de un grupo de niños que presentan alto logro en matemáticas.
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1994
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IIMEC
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Esta investigación estudia a un grupo de niños con un rendimiento alto en matemáticas. La muestra primaria estuvo conformada por 502 niños de quinto grado y 12 educadores de San José. De estos, se eligieron los más talentosos mediante la aplicación de dos técnicas: una prueba de Mialaret adaptada (serie de problemas matemáticos con diferentes tipos de razonamiento) y el criterio del maestro. De este grupo inicial, se seleccionaron 30 niños (23 hombres y 7 mujeres, con edades de entre los 10 y 11 años). También se pudo confirmar que los maestros no resultan ser buenos detectores de las potencialidades de sus alumnos, pues hubo discrepancia entre sus criterios y los resultados de la prueba (lograron detectar a solo el 62% de los sujetos). Posteriormente, se aplicaron tres pruebas psicogenéticas (modelo de Piaget) para determinar el grado de desarrollo cognoscitivo de los niños: prueba de proporcionalidad, prueba de relaciones espaciales, y prueba de cuantificación de la inclusión de clases (clasificación). Además, los niños tuvieron que tomar dos pruebas más de personalidad: la figura humana de Machover (para determinar rasgos de personalidad) y la prueba de autoestima de Piers y Harris. Por último, se llevó a cabo una entrevista con cada niño y con la familia de estos. En general, el 71,01% de los niños se encuentran en estadios altos en las tres pruebas, lo que muestra un excelente desarrollo de las operaciones mentales evaluadas y por encima de la generalidad de los niños costarricenses y acordes con una muestra de niños canadienses. Se observan buenos niveles de autoestima en el grupo de niños: el 26,66% se encuentra en una medida media-alta de autoestima y la mayoría, el 66,6%, en alta. La mayor debilidad del grupo consiste en no sentirse populares ni sentir llevar el liderazgo en los juegos y deportes, además de una fuerte tendencia al aislamiento. Por el contrario, obtienen un cien por ciento de éxito en aspectos relacionados con la autoconfianza, la inteligencia, su capacidad de aprender y de aportar buenas ideas. En cuanto a la personalidad, sobresale la dependencia materna, la falta de confianza en los contactos sociales y en la propia productividad. Al analizar su rendimiento académico, se comprueba que este es excelente (el 53,3% con notas mayores a 91 en matemática y el 59,8% en el promedio de las cuatro materias básicas). Muchos de estos niños se diferencian por un precoz aprendizaje de habilidades como la lecto-escritura y la suma, la creatividad e invención de aparatos, el cultivo de hortalizas, la música, el ajedrez, etc. El estudio termina con la exposición de cada caso (resultados en la pruebas y aspectos mencionados por el propio niño y su familia).
ABSTRACT: This paper studies a group of children with high performance in mathematics. The primary sample consisted on 502 fifth grade children and 12 educators from San José. Of these, the most talented were chosen through the application of two techniques: an adapted Mialaret test (series of mathematical problems with different types of reasoning) and the teacher's criteria. From this initial group, 30 children (23 men and 7 women, aged between 10 and 11 years) were selected. It was also confirmed that teachers do not turn out to be good detectors of the potentialities of their students, since there was a discrepancy between their criteria and the results of the test (they managed to detect only 62% of the subjects). Subsequently, three psychogenetic tests (Piaget model) were applied to determine the degree of cognitive development of the children: proportionality test, spatial relationship test, and class inclusion quantification test (classification). In addition, the children had to take two more personality tests: the Machover human figure (to determine personality traits) and the Piers and Harris self-esteem test. Finally, an interview was carried out with each child and with their family. Overall, 71.01% of children are in high stages in the three tests, which shows an excellent development of the mental operations evaluated and above the generality of Costa Rican children and in agreement with a sample of Canadian children. Good levels of self-esteem are observed in the group of children: 26.66% are in a medium-high measure of self-esteem and the majority, 66.6%, in high. The group's greatest weakness is not feeling popular or feeling leadership in games and sports, in addition to a strong tendency to isolation. On the contrary, they obtain a hundred percent success in aspects related to self-confidence, intelligence, their ability to learn and to contribute good ideas. Regarding personality, maternal dependence stands out, as well as a lack of confidence in social contacts and in one's own productivity. When analyzing their academic performance, it is found that this is excellent (53.3% with grades higher than 91 in mathematics and 59.8% in the average of the four basic subjects). Many of these children are distinguished by an early learning of skills such as reading and writing and addition, creativity and invention of gadgets, growing vegetables, music, chess, etc. The study ends with the presentation of each case (test results and aspects mentioned by the child and his family).
ABSTRACT: This paper studies a group of children with high performance in mathematics. The primary sample consisted on 502 fifth grade children and 12 educators from San José. Of these, the most talented were chosen through the application of two techniques: an adapted Mialaret test (series of mathematical problems with different types of reasoning) and the teacher's criteria. From this initial group, 30 children (23 men and 7 women, aged between 10 and 11 years) were selected. It was also confirmed that teachers do not turn out to be good detectors of the potentialities of their students, since there was a discrepancy between their criteria and the results of the test (they managed to detect only 62% of the subjects). Subsequently, three psychogenetic tests (Piaget model) were applied to determine the degree of cognitive development of the children: proportionality test, spatial relationship test, and class inclusion quantification test (classification). In addition, the children had to take two more personality tests: the Machover human figure (to determine personality traits) and the Piers and Harris self-esteem test. Finally, an interview was carried out with each child and with their family. Overall, 71.01% of children are in high stages in the three tests, which shows an excellent development of the mental operations evaluated and above the generality of Costa Rican children and in agreement with a sample of Canadian children. Good levels of self-esteem are observed in the group of children: 26.66% are in a medium-high measure of self-esteem and the majority, 66.6%, in high. The group's greatest weakness is not feeling popular or feeling leadership in games and sports, in addition to a strong tendency to isolation. On the contrary, they obtain a hundred percent success in aspects related to self-confidence, intelligence, their ability to learn and to contribute good ideas. Regarding personality, maternal dependence stands out, as well as a lack of confidence in social contacts and in one's own productivity. When analyzing their academic performance, it is found that this is excellent (53.3% with grades higher than 91 in mathematics and 59.8% in the average of the four basic subjects). Many of these children are distinguished by an early learning of skills such as reading and writing and addition, creativity and invention of gadgets, growing vegetables, music, chess, etc. The study ends with the presentation of each case (test results and aspects mentioned by the child and his family).
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MATEMÁTICAS, EDUCACIÓN, DATOS ESTADÍSTICOS, AUTOESTIMA, FAMILIA, DESARROLLO DEL NIÑO, MATHEMATICS, EDUCATION, STATISTICAL DATA, SELF-ESTEEM, FAMILY, CHILD DEVELOPMENT